Fiber optic cable is a technology used for high-speed data and information transmission. It transmits optical signals through optical fiber, which can provide higher transmission speed and bandwidth than traditional cables, so it is widely used in modern communication networks. This article will introduce the relevant knowledge of optical cables in detail from the perspectives of usage scenarios, optical cable structures, installation methods, etc., aiming to help customers better understand and choose optical cables.
一. Scene classification
1. Indoor optical cable
Indoor optical cables are mainly used for LAN and fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications in office buildings, factories, schools, hospitals and other places. This kind of optical cable needs to comply with the relevant national standards, the installation is simple and convenient, and the optical cable structure is relatively simple.
2. Outdoor optical cable
Outdoor optical cables are mainly used for long-distance transmission between large facilities such as buildings, utility poles, and iron towers. This kind of fiber optic cable needs to have good weather resistance and protection ability to resist various natural and human factors.
3. Submarine cables
Submarine optical cables are the main communication links connecting countries and countries, continents and continents. They need to be extremely resistant to pressure, corrosion and water, while also being able to withstand the various shocks and vibrations found in subsea environments.
二. Optical cable structure
The optical cable is mainly composed of the following parts: optical fiber, cladding, cable core, protective sleeve and other components
Optical fiber core: It is the core part of the optical fiber cable, made of optical fiber material, and used to transmit optical signals.
Cladding: Wrapped in the outer layer of the fiber core, it can reflect optical signals and protect the fiber core from external interference.
Sheath: It is the outer protective layer of the optical cable, usually made of materials such as PVC or polyamide, used to protect the optical fiber core and cladding from mechanical damage and moisture erosion.
1. Single-mode optical cable
Single-mode optical cables use fewer cores, only one core, and optical signals can only be transmitted in one direction. Due to its smaller mode mismatch and higher transmission rate, it is suitable for long-distance, high-speed, and large-capacity data transmission, such as Internet and telephone signal transmission.
2. Multimode optical cable
Multimode fiber optic cables use multiple fiber cores to allow light signals to travel in multiple directions. This fiber optic cable is suitable for short-distance data transmission, such as local area network and data center internal communication.
3. Composite optical cables of different materials
Composite cables typically consist of multiple optical fiber cores of different materials to provide better durability and performance. It can be single-mode or multi-mode, with higher protection ability and longer service life.
Advantages of Fiber Optic Cables
Compared with traditional copper cables, fiber optic cables have the following advantages:
High-speed transmission: Fiber optic cables can transmit data signals at higher speeds, much faster than traditional copper cables.
High-capacity transmission: Compared with traditional copper cables, fiber optic cables can transmit larger data volumes and greater capacity.
Long-distance transmission: Compared with traditional copper cables, fiber optic cables can transmit longer distances.
Anti-interference: The optical cable can resist external interference such as electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference.
High security: the optical cable will not be eavesdropped and interfered.
3. Installation method
Different types of fiber optic cables have different installation methods. Below we will introduce several common installation methods for you.
Laying installation：
Laying installation is to lay optical cables on the ground, wall or ceiling, and is usually suitable for indoor and ground optical cable laying. This installation method requires the optical cable to have good pressure resistance and bending resistance, and at the same time, it needs to ensure the safety and aesthetics of the optical cable.
Hanging installation：
Suspension installation is to suspend the optical cable on the suspension rod or suspension line through the suspension part, which is usually suitable for the installation of optical cable on the exterior wall of buildings and large-scale communication projects. This installation method requires the optical cable to have high tension resistance and cutting resistance, and at the same time, it needs to ensure the safety and stability of the optical cable.
Pipe installation：
Pipeline installation is to lay optical cables through pipelines or tunnels, and is usually suitable for underground and long-distance optical cable installations. This installation method requires that the optical cable has good waterproof, anti-corrosion, and rodent-proof properties, and at the same time, the safety and stability of the optical cable must be guaranteed.
direct buried installation：
Direct buried installation is to bury the optical cable underground, which is usually suitable for the installation of long-distance optical cables. This installation method requires the optical cable to have high pressure resistance, waterproof and corrosion resistance, and at the same time, it needs to ensure the safety and reliability of the optical cable.
Submarine laying：
Submarine laying is to lay optical cables on the seabed, and is usually applicable to the fields of submarine communication cables and ocean observation. This installation method requires the optical cable to have high performance such as waterproof, anti-marine environment and anti-submarine geological disasters, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure the safety and stability of the optical cable.
In short, different optical cable installation methods require optical cables to have different performance and characteristics. Customers should choose optical cables according to actual needs and application scenarios. At the same time, during the installation process of the optical cable, it is necessary to ensure the safety and stability of the optical cable to ensure the normal operation of the communication system.
Post time: Apr-12-2023